UPSC Prelims MCQs
Geography
- A cultivated hillside is experiencing rapid runoff and the formation of several small finger gullies. Which…
- A geological survey records the following intrusive bodies: Body P is thin and nearly horizontal. Body Q is…
- A physiographic region has the following characteristics: Its principal river flows from northeast to…
- A place has the following characteristics: Its underlying land surface heats rapidly during summer and cools…
- A soil is deep, clayey and relatively impermeable. It becomes sticky when wet, develops wide cracks during the…
- A stream on one side of a divide has a steeper gradient and receives more precipitation than a neighbouring…
- A survey identifies three plate-boundary settings: At boundary X, normal and reverse magnetic strips parallel…
- A survey proceeds southwards from the Shiwalik foothills and records the following sequence: a narrow belt…
- Agra and Darjiling are situated at approximately the same latitude, yet their mean January temperatures differ…
- Agricultural prosperity in India depends strongly on the timely and adequate distribution of monsoon rainfall,…
- Although the vertical pressure-gradient force in the lower atmosphere is much greater than the horizontal…
- An earthquake releases energy at a point below the Earth’s surface. Which one of the following correctly…
- An ocean-floor zone begins where the continental shelf drops sharply. Its gradient commonly ranges from 2° to…
- Arrange the following States in ascending order of their revised coastline length: 1. Kerala 2. Maharashtra 3.…
- Arrange the following States in ascending order of their revised coastline length: 1. Karnataka 2. Kerala 3.…
- Assertion (A): At distances greater than 145° from an earthquake’s epicentre, seismographs may record P-waves…
- Assertion (A): Most scholars considered the forces proposed by Wegener inadequate to account for continental…
- Assertion (A): Surface waves are generally the most damaging earthquake waves. Reason (R): Surface waves move…
- Assertion (A): The Arctic Ridge moves more slowly than the East Pacific Rise near Easter Island. Reason (R):…
- Assertion (A): The balloon analogy provides only a partially correct representation of the expanding universe.…
- Assertion (A): The troposphere is thicker over the equator than over the poles. Reason (R): Strong…
- At a particular location, the measured gravitational force differs from its expected value. Which one of the…
- At the Earth’s surface, air generally converges and rises over a low-pressure area. Over a high-pressure area,…
- Cold water is denser than warm water, and highly saline water is denser than less saline water. At high…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): A broadly constant quantity of renewable water can…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): A fall in sea level or an uplift of land may renew…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): A wave slows as it approaches a beach and may…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Although India’s latitudinal and longitudinal…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Cherrapunji displays a bare rocky surface without…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Deforestation aggravates soil erosion,…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Evidence concerning coral reefs and atolls can…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Extra-tropical cyclones generally move from west…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Relative humidity may change when air temperature…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Soils originating from similar crystalline rocks…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Stalactites descend from cave roofs, whereas…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The atmosphere is heated mainly from below by…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The average surface temperature of ocean water…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The Brahmaputra is particularly prone to flooding,…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The formation of subtropical high-pressure belts…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The Himalayas protect the Indian subcontinent from…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The horns of a barchan point broadly in the…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The major rivers of the Himalayan drainage system…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The Peninsular drainage system is older than the…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The reddish appearance of the rising and setting…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The southern slopes of the Himalayas generally…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The western coastal plain is generally narrower…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 provides a…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): Tides can be forecast well in advance. Reason (R):…
- Consider the following Assertion and Reason: Assertion (A): When isobars are straight and surface friction is…
- Consider the following assertion: Breaks in the southwest monsoon do not arise from an identical immediate…
- Consider the following assertion: India can experience destructive floods in one region while another region…
- Consider the following assertion: India’s peninsular location has facilitated its links with neighbouring…
- Consider the following assertion: Integrated land-use planning offers a stronger basis for soil conservation…
- Consider the following assertion: Khadar is more regularly renewed by present-day floods than Bhangar. Which…
- Consider the following assertion: Mangrove forests are specially adapted to coastal environments influenced by…
- Consider the following assertion: The Kosi frequently changes its course across the plains of Bihar. Which of…
- Consider the following assertion: The river valley plains of northern India support a large population. Which…
- Consider the following assertion: The Tamil Nadu coast remains comparatively dry during the southwest monsoon…
- Consider the following conditions: 1. A large sea surface with a temperature higher than about 27°C 2.…
- Consider the following conditions: A layer of air with a temperature above freezing overlies a sub-freezing…
- Consider the following events associated with the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon: 1. The low-pressure…
- Consider the following stages in the development of an extra-tropical cyclone: 1. Warm air moves poleward and…
- Consider the following statements: 1. A continental shelf is the submerged extension of a continent occupied…
- Consider the following statements: 1. A dendritic drainage pattern commonly develops where rocks have broadly…
- Consider the following statements: 1. A drainage basin comprises the area drained by a river and its…
- Consider the following statements: 1. A front is the boundary zone where two different air masses meet. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. A ria is a drowned, non-glaciated river valley whose depth generally…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Agroforestry combines trees and agricultural crops on the same land. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. An air mass is a large body of air having little horizontal variation in…
- Consider the following statements: 1. An equatorial low-pressure belt occurs near the equator. 2. Subtropical…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Approximately 71 per cent of planetary water is found in the oceans. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Approximately 77 per cent of India’s drainage area is oriented towards…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Areas south of the Tropic of Cancer generally experience high…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Around perihelion in early January, tidal ranges may become greater than…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Bullard’s reconstruction of the Atlantic margins used the 1,000-fathom…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Carbon dioxide released by fossil-fuel combustion is a major contributor…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Chalk is a comparatively soft, white and very pure form of limestone. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram receive more than 1,080 cm of rainfall…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Continental islands were formerly connected to a mainland and may retain…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Corrasion occurs when waves use rock debris to grind and batter a…
- Consider the following statements: 1. December and January are generally the coldest months over the Northern…
- Consider the following statements: 1. During the day, heated mountain slopes cause air to move upslope, while…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Expansion of agriculture, settlements, roads, mining and reservoirs has…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Fog is a cloud whose base is at or very near the ground. 2. Fog mixed…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Grikes are trenches produced by the widening of limestone joints through…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Gully erosion can divide agricultural land into small fragments and make…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Heat is the principal cause of evaporation. 2. An increase in…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In general, rainfall decreases as one proceeds from the equator towards…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In July, equatorial oceans generally record temperatures above 27°C. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. In the lower course, vertical corrasion has almost ceased, although…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Land with a slope gradient of approximately 15–25 per cent should…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Lateral moraines are formed mainly from rock debris falling upon the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Major ocean currents are strongly influenced by prevailing winds and the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Many tropical hot deserts occur between approximately 15° and 30°…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Ocean currents involve the continuous flow of large quantities of water…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Oceanic trenches constitute the deepest parts of the oceans. 2. They…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Offshore winds may drive warm surface water away from a coast and…
- Consider the following statements: 1. On a June day, Churu may record 50°C or more while Tawang may remain…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Project Tiger began in 1973 with nine tiger reserves covering 16,339…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Reef-building corals generally require water temperatures not lower than…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Shield volcanoes are composed mainly of fluid basaltic lava and usually…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Solar heating causes equatorial ocean water to expand and stand slightly…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Southern mountain forests occur in the Western Ghats, Vindhyas and…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Spring tides occur when the Sun, Moon and Earth are aligned. 2. Spring…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Subsidence of the western flank of the Peninsula disturbed the earlier…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Surface currents account for about 10 per cent of ocean water and occupy…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Surface-ocean salinity depends substantially on the balance between…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Surface salinity can increase when water is lost through evaporation or…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tectonic earthquakes are generated by the sliding of rocks along a fault…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Temperature generally decreases with altitude because the atmosphere is…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The average surface temperature of ocean water is approximately 27°C. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Bhagirathi rises from the Gangotri Glacier near Gaumukh. 2. The…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Brahmaputra originates in the Chemayungdung Glacier near the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The equatorial belt, monsoon coasts and windward slopes along western…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river system and is also called…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Indian Plate includes Peninsular India and the Australian…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is a low-pressure zone where trade…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagiri Hills of Kodagu district. 2. Its…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Mahanadi is approximately 851 km long, and 47 per cent of its…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Moon’s gravitational influence on tides is greater than that of the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The northward shift of the ITCZ is associated with the withdrawal of the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Pacific Plate is predominantly oceanic. 2. The Eurasian Plate may be…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Peninsular Block is composed principally of ancient gneisses and…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The pressure-gradient force sets air in motion from high-pressure areas…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The proportion of water vapour generally decreases with increasing…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The proposed Indo-Brahma or Shiwalik River flowed longitudinally along…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Son is a major right-bank tributary of the Ganga. 2. The Ramganga,…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The southern part of India lies within the tropics, while the northern…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The underlying rock structure of the Great Indian Desert is an extension…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The upper portion of the mantle is called the asthenosphere and extends…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The western coastal plains are narrowest in their middle section and…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Western Ghats are generally higher and more continuous than the…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Western Ghats force one branch of the Arabian Sea monsoon to rise…
- Consider the following statements: 1. The Yamuna is the westernmost and longest tributary of the Ganga. 2. It…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Thunderstorms commonly develop through intense convection on moist, hot…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Torrential but irregular desert rain may generate flash floods that…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean are called cyclones. 2. Tropical…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tropical deciduous forests are India’s most widespread forests and occur…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Tropical evergreen forests occur on the western slopes of the Western…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Two corries cutting back on opposite sides of a mountain may form a…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Untreated urban wastewater and industrial effluents contribute to river…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Volcanic eruptions along mid-oceanic ridges bring large quantities of…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Wind erosion is especially significant in arid and semi-arid regions. 2.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. With increasing latitude, the Sun’s rays generally become more oblique.…
- Consider the following statements: 1. Withdrawal of the southwest monsoon begins over western Rajasthan during…
- Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): The northward displacement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence…
- Consider the following statements: Assertion (A): The retreating southwest monsoon season is generally dry in…
- Consider the following statements regarding a mature tropical cyclone: 1. The diameter of its strongly…
- Consider the following statements regarding a soil profile: 1. Horizon A contains organic material…
- Consider the following statements regarding alluvial soils in India: 1. They cover approximately 40 per cent…
- Consider the following statements regarding arid soils: 1. They are generally sandy, saline and red to brown…
- Consider the following statements regarding black soil: 1. It is extensive over the Deccan Plateau and is…
- Consider the following statements regarding India’s location: 1. India’s longitudinal extent causes a time…
- Consider the following statements regarding laterite soil: 1. It develops under conditions of high temperature…
- Consider the following statements regarding seismic-wave shadow zones: 1. Seismographs located within 105° of…
- Consider the following statements regarding the Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon: 1. One branch…
- Consider the following statements regarding the Central Highlands: 1. They are bounded by the Aravali Range in…
- Consider the following statements regarding the distribution of insolation at the Earth’s surface: 1. Maximum…
- Consider the following statements regarding the Earth’s net radiation balance: 1. A net radiation surplus…
- Consider the following statements regarding the Northern Plains: 1. They extend approximately 3,200 km from…
- Consider the following statements regarding the objectives of India’s forest policy: 1. To bring approximately…
- Consider the following statements regarding the orientation of the Himalayan ranges: 1. In northwestern India,…
- Consider the following statements regarding the relationship between the monsoon and economic life in India:…
- Consider the following statements regarding the revised measurement of India’s coastline: 1. India’s coastline…
- Consider the following table: 1. Cold current — Western coasts of continents in low and middle latitudes 2.…
- Consider the following table: 1. Continental shelf — Average gradient about 1° or less; average width about 80…
- Consider the following table: 1. Fringing reef — Lies close to the shore and may be separated from it by a…
- Consider the following table: 1. Roche moutonnée — Smoothed by abrasion upstream and roughened by plucking…
- Consider the following table: 1. Sea breeze — Daytime movement of air from sea to land 2. Land breeze —…
- Consider the following vegetation belts of the Himalayas: 1. Alpine forests and pastures containing silver…
- Cool air from high plateaus and ice fields draining into a valley is known as:
- During the evolution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, which one of the following best explains a…
- In a simplified heat budget, incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere is taken as 100 units.…
- In an intensively irrigated area with a dry climate, dissolved salts rise from lower soil layers and…
- In January, Northern Hemisphere isotherms commonly bend northward over oceans and southward over continents.…
- In which part of a valley glacier is the rate of movement normally greatest?
- Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. Batholith — a. Thick,…
- Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. Tillite — a. Gold…
- Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. Tropopause — a.…
- Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. Deep drilling — a.…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Hadley cell — a. — Cold, dense air subsides near the poles and flows towards…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Latitude — a. Tropical conditions in the south and greater temperature extremes…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Dendritic — a. Resembles the branches of a tree 2. Radial — b. Rivers flow away…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Increasing latitude — a. — Warm surface water accumulates near the coast 2. —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Doline — a. — Larger hollow produced by the coalescence of swallow holes 2. —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Spit — a. — Ridge attached to the land at one end and projecting into the sea…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Delhi Ridge — a. South 2. Rajmahal Hills — b. East 3. Gir Range — c. Northwest…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Dew — a. — Water droplets deposited on cooler solid surfaces when the dew…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Urban forestry — a. Trees on public and private land around towns, including…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Similar latitudinal and longitudinal angular extents — a. Nearly two-hour…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Peninsular Block — a. A detached extension separated after faulting and…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Corrie — a. — Horse-shoe-shaped basin deepened by plucking and abrasion 2. —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Temperate cyclones in northwestern India — A. Abrupt temperature decline of…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Mango showers — a. Pre-monsoon rain aiding early mango ripening 2. Blossom…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere — a. — Low pressure; anticlockwise 2. —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Deccan Plateau — a. Northern part slopes towards Sindh and southern part towards…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Godavari — a. Largest Peninsular river, also called Dakshin Ganga 2. Krishna —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Mahanadi — a. Some navigation occurs in its lower course 2. Godavari — b.…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Ravi — a. Rises west of Rohtang Pass and flows through Chamba Valley 2. Beas —…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Gandak — a. Formed by the Kaligandak and Trishulganga 2. Ghaghara — b. Cuts a…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Southern Tibet — a. Tsangpo 2. After emerging from the Arunachal foothills — b.…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Alluvial soil — a. Transported and deposited by rivers and streams 2. Black soil…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Saline soil — a. High sodium, potassium and magnesium, often associated with…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Predictable timing — a. — Removal of sediment and polluted water from…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Water storage in oceans — a. — Groundwater discharge and springs 2. — Water in…
- Match List I with List II: 1. — Wave height — a. — Number of waves passing a point in one second 2. — Wave…
- Match List I with List II: 1. Vast saline expanses — a. Rajasthan, Gujarat and the Gulf of Kachchh 2. Delta…
- Middle- and low-latitude oceans commonly contain a warm surface layer, a thermocline and a cold deep layer. In…
- Ocean salinity is conventionally calculated as:
- The Narmada and Tapi flow westward through trough faults and lack extensive alluvial and deltaic deposits. The…
- The Sun rises in northeastern India nearly two hours earlier than at Jaisalmer. Nevertheless, watches in…
- Tidal bulges become higher over wide continental shelves, lower when they encounter mid-oceanic islands, and…
- Under which one of the following conditions is the horizontal pressure-gradient force strongest?
- Warm water from the central Pacific Ocean may drift towards the South American coast and replace the cool…
- Waves exploit weaknesses on both sides of a headland, enlarge caves until they meet, and subsequently cause…
- Which one of the following best describes soil degradation?
- Which one of the following best describes the hydrological cycle?
- Which one of the following best distinguishes natural vegetation from planted vegetation?
- Which one of the following best explains the meteorological importance of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
- Which one of the following cloud types is correctly described?
- Which one of the following conclusions can be most appropriately drawn regarding winter precipitation in…
- Which one of the following conclusions follows most appropriately from the relationship between forests and…
- Which one of the following conclusions is most appropriate regarding the relationship between rainfall and…
- Which one of the following constitutes the traction load of a river?
- Which one of the following correctly defines absolute humidity?
- Which one of the following correctly describes a thermocline?
- Which one of the following correctly describes an ocean wave?
- Which one of the following correctly describes soil?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the Earth’s distance from the Sun during its revolution?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the influence of the Moon’s orbital distance on tidal range?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the islands of the Arabian Sea?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the Luni?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the Narmada?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the normal lapse rate?
- Which one of the following correctly describes the terminology used for molten rock associated with the mantle…
- Which one of the following correctly describes tropical thorn forests in India?
- Which one of the following correctly describes Wegener’s proposed arrangement of continents and oceans?
- Which one of the following correctly distinguishes a tide from a surge?
- Which one of the following correctly distinguishes planetesimals from planets in the process of planetary…
- Which one of the following correctly distinguishes the eye from the eye wall of a mature tropical cyclone?
- Which one of the following correctly explains the development of a sea breeze during the day?
- Which one of the following correctly identifies the three broad functions of a biosphere reserve?
- Which one of the following correctly lists the four major divisions of the ocean floor?
- Which one of the following correctly lists the primary forces that initiate ocean currents?
- Which one of the following groups consists entirely of patland plateaus of Peninsular India?
- Which one of the following groups consists entirely of right-bank tributaries of the Yamuna originating from…
- Which one of the following groups lies predominantly within areas receiving less than 50 cm of annual…
- Which one of the following is correctly described?
- Which one of the following is correctly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?
- Which one of the following pairs of biosphere reserves was designated in the same year and is located in two…
- Which one of the following processes is especially important in heating the lowermost layers of the…
- Which one of the following water-depth conditions is most favourable for reef-building corals?
- Which process of wind erosion involves the lifting and removal of loose, unconsolidated material from the…
- Which process transports beach material along a coast when waves approach the shoreline obliquely?
- Why is surface drainage generally poorly developed in a karst region?
- With reference to El Niño, consider the following statements: 1. It is an oceanic-atmospheric phenomenon that…
- With reference to the evolution of the Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The primordial atmosphere…
- With reference to the internal structure of the Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The mean…
- With reference to the onset of the Indian monsoon, consider the following statements: 1. The westerly jet…