Civil Services Prep

Prelims MCQ · Polity and Constitution

The Supreme Court has held that, while examining the constitutionality of a law, a court may take into account whether the law seeks to give effect to a Fundamental Duty. That purpose may help establish the law’s reasonableness in relation to Article 14 or Article 19.

Which one of the following conclusions follows most appropriately?

  1. Every Fundamental Duty has become a directly enforceable individual obligation
  2. Non-justiciability does not prevent Fundamental Duties from having interpretive relevance in constitutional adjudication
  3. A legislative declaration that a law implements a Fundamental Duty automatically excludes judicial review
  4. Only Parliament, and not the courts, may examine whether legislation is connected with a Fundamental Duty
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