With reference to ancient India (600–322 BC), consider the following pairs: Territorial Region — River flowing in the region. I. Asmaka : Godavari. II. Kamboja : Vipas. III. Avanti : Mahanadi. IV. Kosala : Sarayu. How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

I. Asmaka — Godavari: Correct. Asmaka (Assaka), one of the Mahajanapadas, lay on the banks of the Godavari in the Deccan region.

II. Kamboja — Vipas: Incorrect. Kamboja was in the north-western frontier region (around Afghanistan/Kashmir areas), not associated with the Vipas (Beas) river.

III. Avanti — Mahanadi: Incorrect. Avanti was centered around Malwa with Ujjayini/Mahishmati; its important river association is Narmada/Shipra, not Mahanadi.

IV. Kosala — Sarayu: Correct. Kosala, with Ayodhya as a major center, is associated with the Sarayu river.

Hence, only two pairs are correctly matched.