Economy and Development

Poverty, inequality and inclusive development

First systematic GS study, comfortable with percentages and simple weighted averages; basic income, price and banking concepts have their own budgets.

Includes

• Selected definitions and mechanism readings
• Comparing monetary, distributional and multidimensional measures
• Mapped questions, mistake review and one initial recall review

Separate time needed

• Full source reports and technical estimators beyond the named definitions
• Refreshing poverty lines, PPP vintages, statistics and programme outcomes
• Later spaced revision, full mock tests and separate social/constitutional foundations

Editorial planning estimate; not learner timing data

• National poverty headcount ratio: concepts and limitations ↗

  Long definition, Methodology and Statistical concepts: income/consumption welfare, national poverty lines, real purchasing power and comparison limits

• PIP Methodology Handbook (May 2022), Chapter 4: survey poverty and inequality measures ↗

  Section 4.1: headcount, poverty gap and squared gap microdata definitions only. Section 4.3: Lorenz axes and Gini formula A/(A+B); omit the preceding sentence that omits normalization. Section 4.4: decile shares and bottom-40 growth definition only. Exclude grouped-data fitting, source code, historical platform policies and current-institutional-goal claims

• National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023 ↗

  Sections 2.1–2.3, PDF pages 36–37; Table 1 on PDF page 37; Sections 2.4.3–2.4.4 text/formulas on PDF page 45. Use household indicator definitions from Table 1. Exclude inconsistent worked examples on pages 41–43 and 45, all outcome tables and claims that normative cutoff choices establish a uniquely correct poverty rate

• Economics Lesson 4: The Problem of Unemployment, Poverty and Inequality ↗

  Sections 4.5.1–4.5.7, PDF pages 8–9: investment constraints, assets, services, credit, real purchasing power and productive employment. Treat as mechanisms to evaluate; exclude universal claims about poor people, outdated institutional statements, programme lists and deterministic population explanations

• Inclusive Growth Analytics: Framework and Application (Policy Research Working Paper 4851) ↗

  Section 1: PDF page 4 opening two paragraphs; absolute/relative pro-poor definitions across pages 4–5. Section 3: PDF page 8 opening two paragraphs and PDF page 9 employment, employability and disaggregation paragraphs. Exclude equations, Zambia application, historical empirical generalisations and categorical anti-redistribution claims; this is one analytical framework, not a unique official definition

• Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ↗

  Preamble Planet/Prosperity; Declaration paragraphs 4, 9, 13, 20, 24 and 27; targets 1.3–1.5, 8.3–8.5, 8.8 and 10.2–10.4. Compare participation, protection, distribution and environmental objectives. These are adopted commitments, not attained outcomes or domestic benefit eligibility; exclude historical poverty-line amount in target 1.1