Climatology
Whole chapter · 22–33 focused hours
Climatology
A first-attempt learner with school-level reading, basic arithmetic and little retained geography; later chapters assume the earlier physical-process chapters have been studied. Basic literacy remediation and Geography optional are outside this estimate.
Includes
- Selected primary readings and their diagrams/maps
- Brief comparison notes and process/map sketches
- Available mapped practice, mistake review and one initial recall review
Separate time needed
- Later spaced revisions and full-paper mocks
- Reading every optional exercise or every source book in full
- Excludes Indian regional monsoon detail, climate-policy institutions and rereading the vegetation/economic portions of the same regional chapters.
Editorial planning estimate; not learner timing data
- Composition and structure of the atmosphere
- Solar radiation and the heat budget
- Distribution of temperature
- Pressure belts and planetary winds
- Local winds, air masses and fronts
- Cyclones, thunderstorms and tornadoes
- Jet streams and upper-air circulation
- Water in the atmosphere: humidity, clouds and precipitation
- Koppen's scheme and the tropical climates
- Temperate and polar climates
- Climate change: the physical basis
- Cryosphere and coastal change
Whole chapter reading
- Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 7: Composition and Structure of Atmosphere (Reprint 2026-27) ↗
Explanatory text, diagrams and selected chapter exercises
- Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 8: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature (Reprint 2026-27) ↗
Explanatory text, diagrams and selected chapter exercises
- Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 9: Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems (Reprint 2026-27) ↗
Explanatory text, diagrams and selected chapter exercises
- Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 10: Water in the Atmosphere (Reprint 2026-27) ↗
Explanatory text, diagrams and selected chapter exercises
- Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change (Reprint 2026-27) ↗
Explanatory text, diagrams and selected chapter exercises
- Certificate Physical and Human Geography (Goh Cheng Leong), publisher page with contents ↗
Chapters 13–14 for weather/climate comparisons; chapters 15–25 only climate mechanisms and climatic graphs, not vegetation or economic activity already budgeted elsewhere.
Book required - Record-breaking hurricanes: Catarina case ↗
Catarina (2004) section as an exception to simplistic basin exclusions.
- AR6 Working Group I: Regional fact sheet Asia (2021) ↗
Page 1, Common regional changes, and page 2, Tibetan Plateau: distinguish observations, projections and stated confidence. Regional variation includes the Karakoram exception.
- AR6 Synthesis Report: Summary for Policymakers, 2023 ↗
B.3.1 only: ocean and ice-sheet response times and conditional sea-level projections.