Polity and Constitution

Judiciary (Part V Chapter IV; Part VI Chapters V and VI)

A first-attempt learner with school-level reading. Later institution chapters assume constitutional foundations; comparison chapters reuse earlier learning and Modern History context. Professional legal training is outside scope.

Includes

• Selected explanatory readings and dated primary-provision extracts
• Institution/procedure comparisons and short case reasoning
• Available mapped practice, mistake review and one initial recall review

Separate time needed

• Later spaced revisions and full mock examinations
• Full reading of every statute, judgment, reference book and procedural rule
• Exclude a full second study of Fundamental Rights/writ doctrine and professional legal procedure. Judicial interpretations need separate current verification.

Editorial planning estimate; not measured learner time

• The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 ↗

  s. 3 Investigation into misbehaviour or incapacity of Judge by Committee

• The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 ↗

  s. 6 Consideration of report and procedure for presentation of an address

• NCERT Class XI Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 6: Judiciary ↗

  pp. 5-6 'Removal of Judges'

• The Constitution of India ↗

  Art. 124(4)-(5)

• NCERT Class XI Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 6: Judiciary ↗

  Explanatory text, diagrams and selected case questions; numerical/current-office examples must be checked against the dated primary sources.

• The Constitution of India ↗

  Articles 124–147, 214–237 and 39A; use the dated official text and check subsequent amendments/decisions separately.

• Courseware on Indian Polity, 8th edition (M. Laxmikanth) ↗

  Chapters 26–29, 34–35 and 38; selected explanations only where the school/constitutional readings leave gaps. Chapter numbers refer to the retained English publisher contents, not other language editions.

  Book required
• The Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968 ↗

  Investigation procedure for a removal motion

• The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 ↗

  ss. 3–4, 6–13, 19–22E; prescribed thresholds and amended cross-references must be read separately, not copied from historical defaults

• Supreme Court of India, Supreme Court Advocates-On-Record vs Union Of India on 16 October, 2015 ↗

  Goel J., paras 3.1–3.4 (pre-amendment appointment procedure), read with Order of the Court, points 2–4 restoring that system

• The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 ↗

  ss. 2, 5, 13, 15

• The Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 ↗

  ss. 3–6, 11–14, 26–27

• The Advocates Act, 1961 ↗

  ss. 6–7, 17, 24, 35

• What is Arbitration? ↗

  Opening mechanism and decision-maker comparison only; Indian statutory forums use their separately assigned Acts.

  · Supplementary
• What is Mediation? ↗

  Opening mechanism and decision-maker comparison only; Indian statutory forums use their separately assigned Acts.

  · Supplementary