Civil Services Prep

Prelims MCQ · Modern History and the Freedom Struggle

Consider the following information:

  • Jyotirao Phule sought the complete abolition of caste and opposed Sanskritic Hinduism.
  • Dayananda Saraswati attacked hereditary caste rigidities and untouchability but retained a fourfold varna scheme based on occupation and merit.

Which one of the following conclusions is best supported by the information given above?

  1. Both reformers defended caste status determined by birth.
  2. Phule sought to restore the original varna order, while Dayananda rejected every form of social classification.
  3. Both challenged hereditary caste inequality, but they differed over whether a reconstructed varna order should be retained.
  4. Neither reformer connected caste reform with access to education.
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