Civil Services Prep

Prelims MCQ · Modern History and the Freedom Struggle

Nadir Shah defeated the Mughal army, devastated Delhi and annexed territory west of the Indus.

Ahmad Shah Abdali subsequently invaded India several times.

During the same period, regional powers such as the Marathas, Sikhs and Jats increasingly asserted themselves.

Which conclusion is best supported by these developments?

  1. External invasions alone created every regional state that emerged in eighteenth-century India.
  2. Mughal authority remained institutionally strong until European companies intervened in Indian politics.
  3. External invasions intensified an existing imperial crisis by weakening central authority and opening greater space for regional powers.
  4. The Third Battle of Panipat permanently removed the Marathas from the contest for political supremacy.
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