International Relations

Foreign-policy foundations

School-level history and geography; basic constitutional institutions; first systematic study of international relations.

Includes

• Assigned sections and concise recall notes
• Available mapped practice and analysis of mistakes
• One initial closed-book review

Separate time needed

• Later revision and full timed papers
• Continuing diplomatic news and changing officeholders or statistics
• World-history chronology and general economic theory already assigned elsewhere

Editorial planning estimate; not learner timing data

• NCERT Class XII Politics in India since Independence, Chapter 4: India's External Relations ↗

  Chapter 4, The policy of non-alignment and Afro-Asian unity; historical account, not current diplomatic status

• Contemporary World Politics, chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World (Reprint 2026–27) ↗

  Traditional notions: External; Traditional Security and Cooperation; omit dated membership counts and the legal generalisation about grounds for war

• Contemporary World Politics, chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World (Reprint 2026–27) ↗

  Non-Traditional Notions; Cooperative Security; omit old numerical projections

• Annual Report 2022 ↗

  Chapter 16, pp. 216–218: development cooperation, Lines of Credit and ITEC; programme design as documented in 2022, not current amounts or eligibility

• Cold War II? Preserving Economic Cooperation Amid Geoeconomic Fragmentation (11 December 2023) ↗

  11 December 2023 speech, retrieved HTML outline: Introduction and context; Evidence of geoeconomic fragmentation (qualitative trade, investment and connector mechanisms); Economic costs (trade, capital, payments, knowledge and critical minerals); three policy principles. Exclude charts, numerical scenarios, historical totals and deterministic Cold War comparisons. Announced investment is not realised investment; trade diversion is not proof of an overall gain. The inspected resource is the publisher-hosted structured outline, not the underlying staff papers or slide deck.

• India 2025 Article IV consultation: dated external risk assessment ↗

  November 2025 Article IV press-release outline: Risks and upside scenarios, external-policy items only; read with the baseline tariff assumption as a dated scenario, not a current tariff schedule. New agreements may support exports/investment while deeper fragmentation may raise input costs and tighten finance. Exclude forecasts, statistics table and general domestic-policy recommendations. No claim that these projected outcomes were subsequently realised.

• US Secondary Sanctions and Petroleum Imports: Safeguarding India’s Energy Security ↗

  Hari Seshasayee, ORF Issue Brief 532, 6 April 2022: The Challenge in US Secondary Sanctions, paragraphs on third-country firms and financial-market access; Iran subsection, final paragraph on waiver withdrawal and import interruption; Policy Recommendations, diversification principle only. Retrospective analytical case, not a legal definition of every sanctions regime or an up-to-date import account. Exclude charts, oil statistics, refinery engineering, universal sanctions-failure claims and mandatory reserve targets; omit the claim that sanctions alone always determine imports. Detailed JCPOA terms and a reconstruction of the 2018 question context are not supplied.