Rights, Directive Principles and Duties (Parts III, IV, IVA)
Definition of State and laws inconsistent with rights (Art. 12-13)
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- 'State' under Article 12
- 'Law' in Article 13 includes ordinances, orders, rules and custom
- Article 13 as the basis of judicial review of laws
- Rights available to citizens only versus to all persons
- Features: justiciable, qualified, suspendable, amendable
Where to study
The Constitution of India
- Art. 12-13
- Art. 12
- Art. 13
- Art. 33
- Art. 358-359
Indian Polity · M. Laxmikanth
- ch. 7 Definition of State
- ch. 7 Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- ch. 7 Features of Fundamental Rights
NCERT Class XI Indian Constitution at Work, Chapter 2: Rights in the Indian Constitution
- pp. 1-25 whole chapter 'Rights in the Indian Constitution'
- pp. 3-4 'Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution'