Permanent, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements

Concepts to cover

Cornwallis's Permanent Settlement in Bengal: zamindars as proprietors, fixed revenue, sunset law and sale of estates on default
Ryotwari under Alexander Read and Thomas Munro in Madras, then Bombay: survey and assessment, pattas to ryots, revenue paid directly to the state, periodic revision
Mahalwari in North-Western Provinces and Punjab: Holt Mackenzie 1822 and Bird's revision, village or mahal as unit
Effects: rise of moneylenders and absentee landlords, mirasidars and tenants, Bengal zamindar sales, rigid cash demand
NCERT theme: Fifth Report 1813, Buchanan's surveys, Deccan Riots Commission as records of the countryside

Where to study

ch. 3 Ruling the Countryside, pp. 1-13 (printed 26-38)
ch. 3 Ruling the Countryside, Revenue for the Company; The problem, pp. 2-3 (printed 27-28)
ch. 3 Ruling the Countryside, The Munro system, pp. 4-5 (printed 29-30)
ch. 3 Ruling the Countryside, A new system is devised, p. 4 (printed 29)
ch. 3 Ruling the Countryside, All was not well, p. 5 (printed 30)

Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, pp. 1-31 (printed 227-257)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 1. Bengal and the Zamindars, 1.1 to 1.3, pp. 2-5 (printed 228-231)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 3.2 A new revenue system, pp. 21-22 (printed 247-248)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 1.4 The rise of the jotedars; 1.5 The zamindars resist, pp. 5-7 (printed 231-233)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 1.6 The Fifth Report, pp. 7-9 (printed 233-235)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 2.3 The accounts of Buchanan, pp. 18-19 (printed 244-245)
Theme 9 Colonialism and the Countryside, 4. The Deccan Riots Commission, p. 29 (printed 255)