Revolutionary, left, peasant and labour movements
Labour legislation and the trade union movement
Practise 3 PYQsConcepts to cover
- Factories Act 1881 (child labour, hours for children) and 1891 (women, weekly holiday); neither fixed wages nor allowed unions; Factory Act 1911
- N.M. Lokhande's Bombay Mill Hands Association 1890 as the first labour organisation; Madras Labour Union 1918 of B.P. Wadia as the first formal union
- All India Trade Union Congress 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as first president and Dewan Chaman Lal; Trade Unions Act 1926
- Trade Disputes Act 1929: courts of inquiry and conciliation tribunals, strikes in public utilities banned; Bombay textile strike 1928 and Girni Kamgar Union; AITUC splits 1929 and 1931
- INTUC 1947 by Congress; Hind Mazdoor Sabha 1948 founded by socialists Ashok Mehta, T.S. Ramanujan and G.G. Mehta; UTUC 1949
Where to study
A Brief History of Modern India · Rajiv Ahir (Spectrum)
- ch. 32 The Movement of the Working Class
Tamil Nadu State Board Class XII History
- ch. 9 Envisioning a New Socio-Economic Order
- ch. 8 Reconstruction of Post-colonial India
India’s Struggle for Independence, 1857–1947 · Bipan Chandra and others
- ch. 17 The Indian Working Class and the National Movement, pp. 210-223
Themes in Indian History Part III, Class XII, Theme 11 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond
- Theme 11 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement, 2.1 Knitting a popular movement, p. 5 (printed 290)