Communalism and Partition
Rise of communalism: Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha and separate electorates
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Simla deputation to Minto October 1906 led by the Aga Khan; All India Muslim League founded Dhaka December 1906 under Nawab Salimullah; loyalist beginnings
- Punjab Hindu Sabha 1909, All India Hindu Mahasabha 1915 (Madan Mohan Malaviya, later Savarkar 1937); RSS founded 1925 by Hedgewar
- Separate electorates in 1909 and 1919 as a device to counter growing nationalism; the favours inherent in them rallied deprived classes; genesis of community-based alliances
- Bipan Chandra's stages: liberal communalism, then the two-nation stage, then extreme communalism; socio-economic roots and colonial encouragement
- Post-Khilafat riots of the 1920s, shuddhi and sangathan versus tabligh and tanzim, breakdown after the Nehru Report
Where to study
Tamil Nadu State Board Class XII History
- ch. 6 Communalism in Nationalist Politics
A Brief History of Modern India · Rajiv Ahir (Spectrum)
- ch. 12 Era of Militant Nationalism (1905-1909)
- ch. 17 Emergence of Swarajists, Socialist Ideas, Revolutionary Activities and Other New Forces
India’s Struggle for Independence, 1857–1947 · Bipan Chandra and others
- ch. 39 The Indian National Movement: The Ideological Dimension, pp. 518-528
- ch. 31 The Rise and Growth of Communalism, pp. 398-413
- ch. 33 Jinnah, Golwalkar and Extreme Communalism, pp. 428-442
- ch. 32 Communalism: The Liberal Phase, pp. 414-427
Our Pasts III, Class VIII, Chapter 8: The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947
- ch. 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947, Freedom is our birthright, p. 6 (printed 98)
- ch. 8 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947, The happenings of 1922-1929, p. 11 (printed 103)