Indian art and culture / Architecture
Vesara and Deccan temples: Chalukya, Rashtrakuta, Hoysala, Kakatiya
Practise 2 PYQsConcepts to cover
- Nagara, Dravida and Vesara as the three main styles of Indian temple architecture
- Pattadakal (UNESCO): Virupaksha (Dravida), Papanatha and Galaganatha (Nagara), Sangameshvara; Chalukya hybrid experiments
- Kailasa temple at Ellora (Krishna I): monolithic rock-cut Dravida temple
- Hoysala: Chennakeshava Belur, Hoysaleshvara Halebid, Keshava Somnathpur; stellate plan, soapstone, lathe-turned pillars; Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (UNESCO 2023)
- Kakatiya: Ramappa (Rudreshwara) temple at Palampet with floating bricks (UNESCO 2021), Thousand Pillar temple Hanamkonda
Where to study
An Introduction to Indian Art Part I, Class XI, ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, pp. 2-35 (printed 69-102)
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, The Basic Form of the Hindu Temple; Architecture in the Deccan (Nagara, Dravida and Vesara), pp. 3-4 (printed 70-71)
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, Architecture in the Deccan (vesara as a hybrid), pp. 19-20 (printed 86-87)
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, Architecture in the Deccan (Pattadakal: Virupaksha, Papanatha), pp. 20-21 (printed 87-88)
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, Architecture in the Deccan (Kailasanath temple at Ellora, Rashtrakuta), pp. 19-20 (printed 86-87)
- ch. 6 Temple Architecture and Sculpture, Architecture in the Deccan (Hoysala temples: Belur, Halebid, Somnathpur; stellate plan, soapstone); Nataraja, Halebid, pp. 21-23 (printed 88-90)
Indian Art and Culture · Nitin Singhania
- ch. 2
Tamil Nadu State Board Class XI History, Volume I
- Lesson 9 Cultural Development in South India, pp. 143-163 (printed 139-159)
- Lesson 9 Cultural Development in South India, Badami (Vatapi); Pattadakal, pp. 147-148 (printed 143-144)
- Lesson 9 Cultural Development in South India, 9.3 Ellora (Kailasa temple), pp. 154-155 (printed 150-151)
- Lesson 8 Harsha and Rise of Regional Kingdoms, Architecture (Rashtrakuta: Kailasa at Ellora), p. 138 (printed 134)
UNESCO World Heritage Convention: India, properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (with inscription years) and Tentative List
- Cultural properties: Group of Monuments at Pattadakal (1987)
- Cultural properties: Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas (2023)
- Cultural properties: Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana (2021)
Tamil Nadu State Board Class XI History Volume II (lessons 12 to 19), full text
- Lesson 12 Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms, Introduction (Kakatiyas of Warangal), p. 5 (printed 1)