Indian art and culture / Religion and philosophy
Sufism in India
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Tasawwuf, wahdat-ul-wujud, zikr (recollection with breath control), muraqaba (meditation), chilla (forty-day solitary austerities), sama and qawwali to arouse ecstasy
- Chishtis: Moinuddin Chishti (Ajmer), Bakhtiyar Kaki, Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar (Ajodhan), Nizamuddin Auliya (Delhi), Nasiruddin Chiragh, Gesudaraz (Gulbarga); distance from the state, khanqah, langar
- Suhrawardis of Multan (Bahauddin Zakariya, accepted state patronage), Qadiris (Miyan Mir, Dara Shikoh), Naqshbandis (Baqi Billah, Ahmad Sirhindi's orthodox critique of Akbar), Firdausis, Shattaris, Kashmir Rishis (Nuruddin)
- Terms: pir, murid, khalifa, wali, dargah, ziyarat, urs, be-shara and ba-shara orders, Qalandars and Madaris as wandering antinomian groups
- Sufi interaction with Bhakti and vernacular literature; Sultans and Sufis; Akbar's Chishti devotion and sulh-i-kul; Sayyids as Kulah-daran among the elite
- Islam's spread and Indian Islam; Sikhism's formation; Syrian Christians of Kerala, Parsis at Sanjan, Jews of Cochin; Portuguese Catholic missions (Francis Xavier)
Where to study
Themes in Indian History Part II, Class XII (prelims and contents)
- Theme 6
Our Pasts II, Class VII, ch. 6 Devotional Paths to the Divine
- ch. 6 Devotional Paths to the Divine, pp. 1-18 (printed 61-78)
- ch. 6 Devotional Paths to the Divine, Islam and Sufism, pp. 7-9 (printed 67-69)
- ch. 6 Devotional Paths to the Divine, Islam and Sufism (the Chishti silsila), pp. 7-9 (printed 67-69)
- ch. 6 Devotional Paths to the Divine, A Closer Look: Baba Guru Nanak, pp. 14-15 (printed 74-75)
History of Medieval India · Satish Chandra
- ch. 11 and 17
- ch. 11
- ch. 17
Tamil Nadu State Board Class XI History Volume II (lessons 12 to 19), full text
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, pp. 21-32 (printed 17-28)
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, 13.3 Impact of Sufism, p. 24 (printed 20)
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, 13.5 Proponents of Bhakti Movement (Sheikh Farid, Chishtis), p. 26 (printed 22)
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, 13.3 Impact of Sufism (Silsilahs: Chishti, Suhrawardi, Qadiri, Naqshbandi), p. 24 (printed 20)
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, 13.3 Impact of Sufism (pir and murid), p. 24 (printed 20)
- Lesson 13 Cultural Syncretism: Bhakti Movement in India, 13.3 Impact of Sufism (Sufi and Bhakti interaction), p. 24 (printed 20)
- Lesson 14 The Mughal Empire, Akbar's Religious Policy (Akbar and the Chishtis, sulh-i-kul), pp. 41-42 (printed 37-38)
- Lesson 16 The Coming of the Europeans, Portuguese in India (St. Francis Xavier and the Jesuit missions), p. 95 (printed 91)
Themes in Indian History Part II, Class XII, Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 6. The Growth of Sufism: Sufism and tasawwuf; 7. The Chishtis (zikr, sama), pp. 14-20 (printed 153-159)
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 7. The Chishtis in the Subcontinent; Sufis and the state, pp. 15-21 (printed 154-160)
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 6. The Growth of Sufism: Names of silsilas; 9. Reconstructing Histories (Suhrawardi, Qadiri, Naqshbandi), p. 14 (printed 153)
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 6. The Growth of Sufism (khanqah, shaikh, pir, murid, khalifa, wali, dargah, urs, be-sharia silsilas), pp. 14-16 (printed 153-155)
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 7. The Chishtis in the Subcontinent: Sufis and the state; Declining a royal gift, pp. 20-21 (printed 159-160)
- Theme 6 Bhakti-Sufi Traditions, 5. New Strands in the Fabric: Islamic Traditions; A church in Khambat, pp. 10-13 (printed 149-152)