Climatology
Water in the atmosphere: humidity, clouds and precipitation
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Absolute and relative humidity, saturation and dew point
- Evaporation and condensation; latent heat
- Dew, white frost, fog, mist and smog
- Cloud types: cirrus, cumulus, stratus, nimbus; high, middle, low and vertical clouds
- Radiative effects of clouds: low clouds reflect and cool, high thin clouds trap long-wave radiation and warm
- Forms of precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, hail
- Rainfall types: convectional, orographic (rain shadow), cyclonic or frontal
- World distribution of precipitation by latitude and coast
Where to study
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 10: Water in the Atmosphere (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 10, Water in the Atmosphere, p. 1-5 (book pages 86-90)
- ch. 10, Water in the Atmosphere, p. 1 (book page 86)
- ch. 10, Evaporation and Condensation, p. 1-2 (book pages 86-87)
- ch. 10, Frost, p. 2 (book page 87)
- ch. 10, Fog and Mist, p. 2 (book page 87)
- ch. 10, Clouds, p. 2 (book page 87)
- ch. 10, Precipitation, p. 3 (book page 88)
- ch. 10, Types of Rainfall, p. 3 (book page 88)
- ch. 10, World Distribution of Rainfall, p. 4 (book page 89)
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 8: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 8, The Passage of Solar Radiation through the Atmosphere, p. 2 (book page 68)