Population and settlement (India and world)
Demographic transition and population theories
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Demographic transition: stage one high birth and death rates, stage two high birth and falling death rates (rapid growth), stage three low birth and death rates
- Malthusian theory, Marxian critique, optimum, over- and under-population
- Age-sex pyramids: expanding, constant and declining populations
- Population control measures and policies (India, China)
Where to study
Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, chapter 2: The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 2, The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth, p. 1-6 (book pages 7-12)
- ch. 2, Demographic Transition, p. 4-5 (book pages 10-11)
- ch. 2, Thomas Malthus, p. 5 (book page 11)
- ch. 2, Population Control Measures, p. 5 (book page 11)
UPSC Detailed (Micro Topic) Syllabus: Geography (Prelims)
- Theories of population growth
- Population Policies
Resources and Development, Class VIII, chapter 5: Human Resources (2024-25)
- ch. 5, population pyramid, p. 7-8 (book pages 50-51)
- ch. 5, Population Composition, p. 6 (book page 49)