World physical geography by continent and ocean
Europe: physical features
Practise 3 PYQsConcepts to cover
- Mountains: Alps (fold), Pyrenees, Carpathians, Apennines, Balkans, Caucasus, Urals, Scandinavian highlands, Vosges and Black Forest (block), Massif Central
- Rivers and outlets: Danube (Black Sea), Rhine (North Sea), Volga (Caspian), Thames (North Sea), Seine (English Channel), Po (Adriatic), Rhone, Dnieper, Elbe, Oder
- Seas: North Sea, Baltic, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean, Ionian, Tyrrhenian, Black, Sea of Azov, Norwegian, Barents
- North European Plain, fjord coast of Norway, Dalmatian coast, polders
- Lakes (Ladoga, Onega, Geneva) and islands (Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, Mallorca, Cyprus)
Where to study
Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class VI, chapter 2: Oceans and Continents (2024)
- ch. 2, Oceans and Continents, p. 1-14 (book pages 27-40)
Certificate Physical and Human Geography · Goh Cheng Leong
- ch. 2, The Earth's Crust
- ch. 10, Coastal Landforms
UPSC Detailed (Micro Topic) Syllabus: Geography (Prelims)
- Landforms across the world
- Mountain and Peaks
- Rivers and lakes
Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Class VI, chapter 3: Landforms and Life (2024)
- ch. 3, Alps, p. 5 (book page 45)
Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, chapter 7: Transport and Communication (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 7, The Rhine Waterways, p. 12 (book page 65)
- ch. 7, The Danube Waterway, p. 12 (book page 65)
- ch. 7, The Volga Waterway, p. 12 (book page 65)
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 12: Water (Oceans) (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 12, Horizontal Distribution of Salinity, p. 7-8 (book pages 105-106)
- ch. 12, Baltic Sea, p. 7 (book page 105)
Map of the World, UN Geospatial map no. 4651 rev. 1 (October 2022), political
- sheet 1, country names and boundaries, p. 1