India: location, structure and physiography
The Himalaya and the north-eastern hills
Practise 3 PYQsConcepts to cover
- Trans-Himalaya (Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar), Greater Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya (Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, Mussoorie, Nag Tibba, Mahabharat), Shiwaliks and duns
- Regional divisions: Kashmir or north-western, Himachal and Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon), Darjeeling-Sikkim, Arunachal, Eastern hills
- Major peaks by region: Nanga Parbat, K2, Nanda Devi and Kamet (Kumaon-Garhwal), Kangchenjunga (Sikkim), Namcha Barwa (Arunachal or Assam Himalaya)
- Evidence of youth: deep gorges, antecedent U-turn river courses, parallel ranges, steep slopes and landslides, continuing uplift and seismicity
- Kashmir valley karewas, Ladakh cold desert, Siachen and Baltoro glaciers, Nubra valley, Aksai Chin
- Purvanchal: Patkai Bum, Naga Hills (Saramati), Manipur hills, Mizo or Lushai hills, Barail range, Mikir Hills
- States and Union Territories the Himalaya span
Where to study
India: Physical Environment, Class XI, chapter 2: Structure and Physiography (2026-27)
- ch. 2, Structure and Physiography, p. 1-10 (book pages 7-16)
- ch. 2, The North and Northeastern Mountains, p. 5 (book page 11)
- ch. 2, Darjiling and Sikkim, p. 5 (book page 11)
- ch. 2, The Himalayas and Other Peninsular Mountains, p. 3 (book page 9)
- ch. 2, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, p. 5 (book page 11)
Geography of India · Majid Husain
- ch. 2, Physiography
Exploring Society: India and Beyond, Grade 7 Part 1, chapter 1: Geographical Diversity of India (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 1, Himadri, p. 6-7 (book pages 6-7)
- ch. 1, Kanchenjunga, p. 6 (book page 6)
- ch. 1, How the Himalayas were formed ... an interesting story, p. 5 (book page 5)
- ch. 1, The cold desert of India, p. 8-9 (book pages 8-9)
- ch. 1, The hills of the Northeast, p. 23 (book page 23)
- ch. 1, The Himalayas, p. 3-4 (book pages 3-4)