World economic geography
Secondary activities and industrial regions
Concepts to cover
- Modern large-scale manufacturing: specialisation, mechanisation, technology, organisation, access to market, labour, energy, transport
- Industries by size, inputs (agro, mineral, chemical, forest, animal based), output (basic, consumer), ownership (public, private, joint)
- Footloose industries, high-technology industry and technopoles
- Industrial regions of the world: north-east USA and Great Lakes, western Europe (Ruhr, Midlands), Japan, eastern China, Russia
- Location of iron and steel, cotton textile and petroleum refining industries worldwide
Where to study
Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, chapter 5: Secondary Activities (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 5, Secondary Activities, p. 1-9 (book pages 36-44)
- ch. 5, Characteristics of Modern Large Scale Manufacturing, p. 1 (book page 36)
- ch. 5, Classification of Manufacturing Industries, p. 3 (book page 38)
- ch. 5, Industries based on Inputs/Raw Materials, p. 6 (book page 41)
- ch. 5, Concept of High Technology Industry, p. 7 (book page 42)
- ch. 5, Footloose, p. 8 (book page 43)
- ch. 5, Why do Large-scale Industries choose different locations?, p. 2 (book page 37)
- ch. 5, iron and steel, p. 6 (book page 41)
UPSC Detailed (Micro Topic) Syllabus: Geography (Prelims)
- Industrial Regions
- Iron and Steel Industry; Textile Industry