India: natural vegetation and soils
Land degradation and soil conservation in India
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Causes: deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying, over-irrigation and waterlogging, industrial effluents
- Ravines and gully erosion of the Chambal and Yamuna badlands; sheet erosion on the Deccan
- Saline and alkaline lands of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh from canal irrigation
- Conservation: contour ploughing and bunding, terrace farming in hills, strip cropping, shelter belts, afforestation, control of overgrazing
Where to study
Contemporary India II, Class X, chapter 1: Resources and Development (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 1, Resources and Development, p. 1-12 (book pages 1-12)
- ch. 1, Land Degradation and Conservation Measures, p. 6 (book page 6)
- ch. 1, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation, p. 10-11 (book pages 10-11)
- ch. 1, Chambal, p. 10 (book page 10)
India: People and Economy, Class XII, chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 3, Land Resources and Agriculture, p. 1-20 (book pages 21-40)
- ch. 3, Degradation of Cultivable Land, p. 19-20 (book pages 39-40)
- ch. 3, alkalisation, p. 19-20 (book pages 39-40)