Geomorphology and the Earth
Coastal landforms and sea-level change
Practise 1 PYQConcepts to cover
- Wave action: hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, longshore drift
- Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks
- Beaches, spits, bars, tombolos and lagoons
- Coasts of submergence: rias, fjords, Dalmatian and estuarine coasts
- Coasts of emergence and raised beaches; marshland from repeated sea-level fall
- Evidence of sea-level change and eustatic versus isostatic change
Where to study
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 6: Landforms and their Evolution (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 6, Landforms and their Evolution, p. 1-16 (book pages 47-62)
- ch. 6, Waves and Currents, p. 11 (book page 57)
- ch. 6, Cliffs, Terraces, Caves and Stacks, p. 12 (book page 58)
- ch. 6, Beaches and Dunes, p. 12 (book page 58)
- ch. 6, Bars, Barriers and Spits, p. 12-13 (book pages 58-59)
- ch. 6, High Rocky Coasts, p. 11 (book page 57)
- ch. 6, Low Sedimentary Coasts, p. 11-12 (book pages 57-58)
Certificate Physical and Human Geography · Goh Cheng Leong
- ch. 10, Coastal Landforms
Geography Syllabus (classroom programme topic list)
- Oceanography: Sea-level changes