Geomorphology and the Earth
Landforms made by running water
Concepts to cover
- Youth, mature and old stages of a river; overland and channel flow
- Valleys: V-shaped valley, gorge and canyon
- Potholes, plunge pools, rapids and waterfalls
- Incised meanders and paired or unpaired river terraces
- Alluvial fans and deltas; delta types
- Floodplains, natural levees, point bars, meanders, oxbow lakes and braided channels
- Drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, radial, rectangular, centripetal
Where to study
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 6: Landforms and their Evolution (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 6, Landforms and their Evolution, p. 1-16 (book pages 47-62)
- ch. 6, Running Water, p. 1-2 (book pages 47-48)
- ch. 6, Youth, p. 2 (book page 48)
- ch. 6, Valleys, p. 2 (book page 48)
- ch. 6, Potholes and Plunge Pools, p. 2-3 (book pages 48-49)
- ch. 6, Incised or Entrenched Meanders, p. 3 (book page 49)
- ch. 6, River Terraces, p. 3 (book page 49)
- ch. 6, Alluvial Fans, p. 3-4 (book pages 49-50)
- ch. 6, Deltas, p. 4 (book page 50)
- ch. 6, Floodplains, Natural Levees and Point Bars, p. 4 (book page 50)
- ch. 6, Meanders, p. 5 (book page 51)
Certificate Physical and Human Geography · Goh Cheng Leong
- ch. 5, Landforms Made by Running Water
India: Physical Environment, Class XI, chapter 3: Drainage System (2026-27)
- ch. 3, Important Drainage Patterns, p. 1-2 (book pages 17-18)