World economic geography
International trade and ports
Concepts to cover
- Basis of international trade; volume, composition, direction, balance of trade
- Free trade, WTO and regional trade blocs
- Types of ports by cargo and location: industrial, commercial, comprehensive, inland, outport, oil, port of call, packet station, entrepot, naval
- Ports as gateways; hinterland; leading world ports
Where to study
Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, chapter 8: International Trade (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 8, International Trade, p. 1-7 (book pages 70-76)
- ch. 8, Basis of International Trade, p. 3-4 (book pages 72-73)
- ch. 8, Balance of Trade, p. 4 (book page 73)
- ch. 8, Case for Free Trade, p. 4-5 (book pages 73-74)
- ch. 8, World Trade Organisation, p. 5 (book page 74)
- ch. 8, Types of Port, p. 6-7 (book pages 75-76)
- ch. 8, Ports, p. 6 (book page 75)