Climatology
Temperate and polar climates
Practise 2 PYQsConcepts to cover
- Warm temperate western margin (Mediterranean) climate: winter rain, summer drought
- Temperate continental (steppe) climate: prairies, pampas, veld, downs; nomadic herding in Central Asia
- Warm temperate eastern margin (China type) climate: summer monsoon rain, typhoons
- Cool temperate western margin (British or marine west coast) climate: rain throughout the year, low range
- Cool temperate continental (Siberian) climate: taiga, extreme range
- Cool temperate eastern margin (Laurentian) climate: cold winters, warm wet summers
- Arctic or polar (tundra and ice cap) climates
Where to study
Fundamentals of Physical Geography, Class XI, chapter 11: World Climate and Climate Change (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 11, World Climate and Climate Change, p. 1-8 (book pages 91-98)
- ch. 11, Mediterranean Climate (Cs), p. 3 (book page 93)
- ch. 11, steppe, p. 3-4 (book pages 93-94)
- ch. 11, Humid Subtropical Climate (Cwa), p. 3 (book page 93)
- ch. 11, Humid Subtropical (Cfa) Climate, p. 3-4 (book pages 93-94)
- ch. 11, Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb), p. 4 (book page 94)
- ch. 11, Cold Climate with Dry Winters (Dw), p. 4 (book page 94)
- ch. 11, Cold Climate with Humid Winters (Df), p. 4 (book page 94)
- ch. 11, Tundra Climate (ET), p. 4 (book page 94)
- ch. 11, Ice Cap Climate (EF), p. 4-6 (book pages 94-96)
Certificate Physical and Human Geography · Goh Cheng Leong
- ch. 19, The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate
- ch. 20, The Temperate Continental (Steppe) Climate
- ch. 21, The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin (China Type) Climate
- ch. 22, The Cool Temperate Western Margin (British Type) Climate
- ch. 23, The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian) Climate
- ch. 24, The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin (Laurentian)
- ch. 25, The Arctic or Polar Climate
Fundamentals of Human Geography, Class XII, chapter 4: Primary Activities (Reprint 2026-27)
- ch. 4, steppe, p. 8 (book page 29)